Amrak Khagan
| Ashina Anluo | |
|---|---|
| Qaghan of the First Turkic Khaganate | |
| Reign | 581 |
| Predecessor | Taspar Qaghan |
| Successor | Apa Qaghan (in Bukhara) Ishbara Qaghan (in East) Tardu (in West) |
| House | Ashina |
| Father | Taspar Qaghan |
| Religion | Tengrism |
Ashina Anluo (Chinese: 阿史那菴羅) was the fifth ruler of the Turkic Khaganate.[1][2][3] in the sixth century. His regnal title is not recorded in Chinese sources.
Name
[edit]His name is subject to debate. Book of Sui and Tongdian recorded his name as Ānluó (Chinese: 菴羅) whereas Zizhi Tongjian recorded similarly sounding version Ānluó (Chinese: 庵羅). Cefu Yuangui has both versions. Lev Gumilev proposed Amraq (Old Turkic: 𐰢𐰺𐰴, lit. 'Beloved'[4]) as Turkic reconstruction of Anluo.[5] His name was recorded in Bugut inscription in Sogdian: 𐼍𐼄𐼁 𐼇𐼍𐼎𐼁 𐼉𐼒𐼄𐼒𐼎, romanized: mγ’ wmn’ x’γ’n, lit. 'Maġa Umna Khagan'. Turkish scholar Hayrettin İhsan Erkoç proposed Umna as proper reconstruction.[6]
Reign
[edit]According to Chinese sources he was enthroned after his father's death in 581, soon his cousin Talopien (Mukan Khagan's son) proposed his own claim, saying that Taspar willed the title to him. Just like Taspar inherited this title from his father. Chinese sources suggest that Anluo's mother was a noble while Talopien's mother was a commoner, hence he wasn't favorable. Another cousin Shetu (Issik Khagan's son) supported Anluo, threatening to rebel if the throne is passed to Talopien. Meanwhile, Talopien still harassed Anluo and sent few emissaries to force him to abdicate.[6] Anluo, being the least powerful of the three abandoned and renounced his title in favor of Shetu. In turn Shetu created him Dier Khagan (Chinese: 第二可汗; pinyin: Dìèr Kèhán) in Tuul River valley (now in Mongolia).[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Tekin, Talat. (1993) "Irk Bitig (The Book of Omens)" Turcologia 18. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz Verlag. p. 47
- ^ Erdal, Marcel. (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic Leiden: Brill. p. 108
- ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5.
- ^ "The Book of Omens" Line 66 at Türik Bitig
- ^ Gumilev, Lev (2003). Древние тюрки. История образования и расцвета Великого тюркского каганата (VI-VIII вв. н.э.) [Ancient Turks. History of the formation and heyday of the Great Turkic Khaganate (VI-VIII centuries AD)] (in Russian). Kristall. p. 69. ISBN 5-306-00313-3.
- ^ a b Erkoç, Hayrettin İhsan (2016). "Batı Göktürk Kağanlığı'nın Kuruluşu" [Foundation of the Western Türk Qaġanate]. Journal of Faculty of Letters (in Turkish). 33 (1). Hacettepe University: 49–50.
- ^ Liu, Mao-tsʻai; Liu, Mau-Tsai (1958). Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken (T'u-küe) [The Chinese account of the history of the Eastern Turks (Tujue).] (in German). Vol. 2. O. Harrassowitz. p. 522.